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Evidence that intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are activated cytotoxic T cells in celiac disease but not in giardiasis. 1996

G Oberhuber, and H Vogelsang, and M Stolte, and S Muthenthaler, and J A Kummer, and A J Kummer, and T Radaszkiewicz
Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria.

To further define intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in celiac disease (CD) and giardiasis, IELs were probed for the presence of cytolytic granules containing granzyme B (GrB) and T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen (TIA)-1. The expression of TIA-1, GrB, CD3 (T-cell-receptor-associated complex), and Leu-7 (subset of natural killer cells) was studied by a sensitive three-step immunoperoxidase technique. Stained IELs were determined quantitatively, and results were expressed as number of stained IELs per 100 epithelial cells (ECs). The relative content in labeled lamina propria lymphocytes was determined and expressed as the percentage of all lamina propria cells counted. When compared with controls, CD3+ and GrB+ IELs were significantly increased (P < 0.0004) in CD paralleled by an increase in TIA-1+ IELs (P < 0.0004). In CD, the highest numbers of IELs containing GrB were found in subjects with a flat mucosa (median, 38 IELs/100 ECs, P < 0.0004), followed by cases with shortened and blunted villi (median, 8 IELs/100 ECs, P < 0.0004) and, finally, CD patients with an intact villous architecture (median, 0.5 IELs/100 ECs, P < 0.02). Except for cases with giardiasis, Leu-7+ IELs were virtually absent in all groups as were GrB+ IELs in the controls and in subjects with giardiasis. In the lamina propria of CD subjects, GrB+ lymphocytes were also significantly increased (P < 0.001), whereas controls and cases with giardiasis were essentially free of GrB+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The percentage of CD3+ lamina propria lymphocytes was nearly equal in all groups. In humans and mice, extensive studies revealed a GrB expression to be absolutely restricted to activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. TIA-1, on the other hand, is considered a marker of resting T lymphocytes possessing cytolytic potential. We therefore conclude that IELs are cytotoxic T cells that are in a resting state in the normal small bowel and in giardiasis. In CD, they become activated as suggested by the GrB positivity of their granules.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007124 Immunoenzyme Techniques Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens. Antibody Enzyme Technique, Unlabeled,Enzyme Immunoassay,Enzyme-Labeled Antibody Technique,Immunoassay, Enzyme,Immunoperoxidase Techniques,Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex Technique,Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody Technique,Antibody Enzyme Technic, Unlabeled,Enzyme-Labeled Antibody Technic,Immunoenzyme Technics,Immunoperoxidase Technics,Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex Technic,Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody Technic,Antibody Technic, Enzyme-Labeled,Antibody Technic, Peroxidase-Labeled,Antibody Technics, Enzyme-Labeled,Antibody Technics, Peroxidase-Labeled,Antibody Technique, Enzyme-Labeled,Antibody Technique, Peroxidase-Labeled,Antibody Techniques, Enzyme-Labeled,Antibody Techniques, Peroxidase-Labeled,Enzyme Immunoassays,Enzyme Labeled Antibody Technic,Enzyme Labeled Antibody Technique,Enzyme-Labeled Antibody Technics,Enzyme-Labeled Antibody Techniques,Immunoassays, Enzyme,Immunoenzyme Technic,Immunoenzyme Technique,Immunoperoxidase Technic,Immunoperoxidase Technique,Peroxidase Antiperoxidase Complex Technic,Peroxidase Antiperoxidase Complex Technique,Peroxidase Labeled Antibody Technic,Peroxidase Labeled Antibody Technique,Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex Technics,Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex Techniques,Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody Technics,Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody Techniques,Technic, Enzyme-Labeled Antibody,Technic, Immunoenzyme,Technic, Immunoperoxidase,Technic, Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex,Technic, Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody,Technics, Enzyme-Labeled Antibody,Technics, Immunoenzyme,Technics, Immunoperoxidase,Technics, Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex,Technics, Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody,Technique, Enzyme-Labeled Antibody,Technique, Immunoenzyme,Technique, Immunoperoxidase,Technique, Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex,Technique, Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody,Techniques, Enzyme-Labeled Antibody,Techniques, Immunoenzyme,Techniques, Immunoperoxidase,Techniques, Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex,Techniques, Peroxidase-Labeled Antibody
D007413 Intestinal Mucosa Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI. Intestinal Epithelium,Intestinal Glands,Epithelium, Intestinal,Gland, Intestinal,Glands, Intestinal,Intestinal Gland,Mucosa, Intestinal
D007422 Intestines The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE. Intestine
D007694 Killer Cells, Natural Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. NK Cells,Natural Killer Cells,Cell, NK,Cell, Natural Killer,Cells, NK,Cells, Natural Killer,Killer Cell, Natural,NK Cell,Natural Killer Cell
D008297 Male Males
D008871 Microvilli Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell. Brush Border,Striated Border,Border, Brush,Border, Striated,Borders, Brush,Borders, Striated,Brush Borders,Microvillus,Striated Borders
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D002446 Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. Gluten Enteropathy,Sprue, Celiac,Sprue, Nontropical,Celiac Sprue,Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy,Sprue,Disease, Celiac,Enteropathies, Gluten,Enteropathies, Gluten-Sensitive,Enteropathy, Gluten,Enteropathy, Gluten-Sensitive,Gluten Enteropathies,Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy,Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathies,Nontropical Sprue
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children

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