Medial frontal cortex lesions selectively attenuate the hot plate response: possible nocifensive apraxia in the rat. 1996

Laura N Pastoriza, and Thomas J Morrow, and Kenneth L Casey
Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.

Lesions in the cingulate cortex have attenuated pain-related behavior in humans. We wished to evaluate an animal model of this effect by studying the effects of bilateral lesions within the medial frontal cortex, including rat cingulate cortex, on performance in 3 behavioral tests: the formalin, hot-plate, and tail-flick tests. Average hot-plate latencies, but not formalin test scores or tail-flick latencies, were significantly increased by an average of 82% in rats with medial frontal cortex lesions, as compared to sham-operated control rats. Motor function, as tested by righting and foot lifting responses and clinical observation, was not impaired. No effects were seen on hot-plate latencies, tail-flick latencies, and formalin pain scores in sham-operated rats. These results suggest that the medial frontal cortex of the rat mediates certain types of supraspinally organized responses to noxious heat pain. Lesions that include the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex appear to disrupt the integration of increasing heat nociceptive input with motor responses that are necessary to execute quickly the escape behavior in the hot-plate test.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010146 Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Suffering, Physical,Ache,Pain, Burning,Pain, Crushing,Pain, Migratory,Pain, Radiating,Pain, Splitting,Aches,Burning Pain,Burning Pains,Crushing Pain,Crushing Pains,Migratory Pain,Migratory Pains,Pains, Burning,Pains, Crushing,Pains, Migratory,Pains, Radiating,Pains, Splitting,Physical Suffering,Physical Sufferings,Radiating Pain,Radiating Pains,Splitting Pain,Splitting Pains,Sufferings, Physical
D010147 Pain Measurement Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies. Analgesia Tests,Analogue Pain Scale,Formalin Test,McGill Pain Questionnaire,Nociception Tests,Pain Assessment,Pain Intensity,Pain Severity,Tourniquet Pain Test,Visual Analogue Pain Scale,Analog Pain Scale,Assessment, Pain,McGill Pain Scale,Visual Analog Pain Scale,Analgesia Test,Analog Pain Scales,Analogue Pain Scales,Formalin Tests,Intensity, Pain,Measurement, Pain,Nociception Test,Pain Assessments,Pain Intensities,Pain Measurements,Pain Questionnaire, McGill,Pain Scale, Analog,Pain Scale, Analogue,Pain Scale, McGill,Pain Severities,Pain Test, Tourniquet,Questionnaire, McGill Pain,Scale, Analog Pain,Scale, Analogue Pain,Scale, McGill Pain,Severity, Pain,Test, Analgesia,Test, Formalin,Test, Nociception,Test, Tourniquet Pain,Tests, Nociception,Tourniquet Pain Tests
D011930 Reaction Time The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D003674 Defense Mechanisms Unconscious process used by an individual or a group of individuals in order to cope with impulses, feelings or ideas which are not acceptable at their conscious level; various types include reaction formation, projection and self reversal. Mechanisms, Defense
D005557 Formaldehyde A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) Formalin,Formol,Methanal,Oxomethane
D005625 Frontal Lobe The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus. Brodmann Area 8,Brodmann's Area 8,Frontal Cortex,Frontal Eye Fields,Lobus Frontalis,Supplementary Eye Field,Area 8, Brodmann,Area 8, Brodmann's,Brodmanns Area 8,Cortex, Frontal,Eye Field, Frontal,Eye Field, Supplementary,Eye Fields, Frontal,Frontal Cortices,Frontal Eye Field,Frontal Lobes,Lobe, Frontal,Supplementary Eye Fields
D006358 Hot Temperature Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm. Heat,Hot Temperatures,Temperature, Hot,Temperatures, Hot
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001072 Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7) Dressing Apraxia,Dyspraxia,Ideational Apraxia,Apraxia,Apraxia of Phonation,Apraxia, Articulatory,Apraxia, Developmental Verbal,Apraxia, Facial-Oral,Apraxia, Gestural,Apraxia, Motor,Apraxia, Oral,Apraxia, Verbal,Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia,Dyspraxia, Articulatory,Dyspraxia, Oral,Dyspraxia, Verbal,Speech And Language Disorder With Orofacial Dyspraxia,Speech-Language Disorder 1,1s, Speech-Language Disorder,Apraxia, Dressing,Apraxia, Facial Oral,Apraxia, Ideational,Apraxias, Articulatory,Apraxias, Developmental Verbal,Apraxias, Dressing,Apraxias, Facial-Oral,Apraxias, Gestural,Apraxias, Ideational,Apraxias, Motor,Apraxias, Oral,Apraxias, Verbal,Articulatory Apraxia,Articulatory Apraxias,Articulatory Dyspraxia,Articulatory Dyspraxias,Developmental Verbal Apraxia,Developmental Verbal Apraxias,Developmental Verbal Dyspraxias,Disorder 1, Speech-Language,Disorder 1s, Speech-Language,Dressing Apraxias,Dyspraxia, Developmental Verbal,Dyspraxias,Dyspraxias, Articulatory,Dyspraxias, Developmental Verbal,Dyspraxias, Oral,Dyspraxias, Verbal,Facial-Oral Apraxia,Facial-Oral Apraxias,Gestural Apraxia,Gestural Apraxias,Ideational Apraxias,Motor Apraxia,Motor Apraxias,Oral Apraxia,Oral Apraxias,Oral Dyspraxia,Oral Dyspraxias,Phonation Apraxia,Phonation Apraxias,Speech Language Disorder 1,Speech-Language Disorder 1s,Verbal Apraxia,Verbal Apraxia, Developmental,Verbal Apraxias,Verbal Apraxias, Developmental,Verbal Dyspraxia,Verbal Dyspraxia, Developmental,Verbal Dyspraxias,Verbal Dyspraxias, Developmental

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