Biomaterial Database

Ethanol intake may modify gossypol toxicosis in the rat. 1996

B T Akingbemi, and P V Rao, and T A Aire

Department of Preclinical Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Some aspects of the toxicity of gossypol were investigated in ethanol-fed, gossypol-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, with and without protein malnutrition. Serum creatine phosphokinase activity was depressed in all gossypol-treated rats and gossypol caused greater decreases than ethanol in those animals that were fed the normal diet. Even though the adrenal glands were enlarged in all gossypol-treated rats, this was accompanied by depressed serum cortisol levels. Histopathological findings, including vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and dilation of the sinusoids in the liver, atrophy and leucocytic infiltration of cardiac myofibres, vacuolation of the renal glomerulus and cellular depletion of the spleen and thymus, were most severe in the protein-malnourished, gossypol-treated rats; these were generally absent in the other groups. These findings indicated that either adequate levels of protein in the diet and/or ethanol consumption have the effect of reducing gossypol toxicity, probably by reducing the amount of gossypol available for tissue exposure through enhanced metabolism and/or clearance from the body. However, an evaluation of the metabolic pathways involved in gossypol metabolism in ethanol-fed individuals might provide a better understanding of these observations.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007678	Kidney Glomerulus	A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.	Glomerulus, Kidney
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D008297	Male		Males
D009206	Myocardium	The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.	Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D009929	Organ Size	The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.	Organ Volume,Organ Weight,Size, Organ,Weight, Organ
D011488	Protein Deficiency	A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of proteins in the diet, characterized by adaptive enzyme changes in the liver, increase in amino acid synthetases, and diminution of urea formation, thus conserving nitrogen and reducing its loss in the urine. Growth, immune response, repair, and production of enzymes and hormones are all impaired in severe protein deficiency. Protein deficiency may also arise in the face of adequate protein intake if the protein is of poor quality (i.e., the content of one or more amino acids is inadequate and thus becomes the limiting factor in protein utilization). (From Merck Manual, 16th ed; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p406)	Deficiency, Protein,Deficiencies, Protein,Protein Deficiencies
D003402	Creatine Kinase	A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.	Creatine Phosphokinase,ADP Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase,ATP Creatine Phosphotransferase,Macro-Creatine Kinase,Creatine Phosphotransferase, ATP,Kinase, Creatine,Macro Creatine Kinase,Phosphocreatine Phosphotransferase, ADP,Phosphokinase, Creatine,Phosphotransferase, ADP Phosphocreatine,Phosphotransferase, ATP Creatine
D004347	Drug Interactions	The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.	Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug
D006072	Gossypol	A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	Gossypol Dipotassium Salt,Gossypol Sodium Salt,Gossypol, (+)-Isomer,Gossypol, (+-)-Isomer,Gossypol, (-)-Isomer,Dipotassium Salt, Gossypol,Sodium Salt, Gossypol