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OBJECTIVE To report the findings of a 10-year followup of patients enrolled in a randomized trial of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) versus chemotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A retrospective analysis of the charts of 19 patients who had been included in a randomized trial comparing TLI and chemotherapy for the treatment of RA. RESULTS Ten years after the start of the trial, a higher number of TLI-treated patients had died (7 of 10), compared with patients who had received chemotherapy (2 of 9). In addition, 3 of the TLI-treated patients developed B cell-related malignancies, whereas no such malignancies developed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS TLI was associated with a less-favorable long-term outcome than chemotherapy. These data stress the importance of careful long-term followup in experimental trials of immunosuppressive agents.
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