The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV and its evolutionary implications. 1997

P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
Institute for Applied Microbiology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.

In 1992 we started assembling an ordered library of cosmid clones from chromosome XIV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At that time, only 49 genes were known to be located on this chromosome and we estimated that 80% to 90% of its genes were yet to be discovered. In 1993, a team of 20 European laboratories began the systematic sequence analysis of chromosome XIV. The completed and intensively checked final sequence of 784,328 base pairs was released in April, 1996. Substantial parts had been published before or had previously been made available on request. The sequence contained 419 known or presumptive protein-coding genes, including two pseudogenes and three retrotransposons, 14 tRNA genes, and three small nuclear RNA genes. For 116 (30%) protein-coding sequences, one or more structural homologues were identified elsewhere in the yeast genome. Half of them belong to duplicated groups of 6-14 loosely linked genes, in most cases with conserved gene order and orientation (relaxed interchromosomal synteny). We have considered the possible evolutionary origins of this unexpected feature of yeast genome organization.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D005810 Multigene Family A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Gene Clusters,Genes, Reiterated,Cluster, Gene,Clusters, Gene,Families, Multigene,Family, Multigene,Gene Cluster,Gene, Reiterated,Multigene Families,Reiterated Gene,Reiterated Genes
D001483 Base Sequence The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence. DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D012441 Saccharomyces cerevisiae A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement. Baker's Yeast,Brewer's Yeast,Candida robusta,S. cerevisiae,Saccharomyces capensis,Saccharomyces italicus,Saccharomyces oviformis,Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus,Yeast, Baker's,Yeast, Brewer's,Baker Yeast,S cerevisiae,Baker's Yeasts,Yeast, Baker
D015183 Restriction Mapping Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA. Endonuclease Mapping, Restriction,Enzyme Mapping, Restriction,Site Mapping, Restriction,Analysis, Restriction Enzyme,Enzyme Analysis, Restriction,Restriction Enzyme Analysis,Analyses, Restriction Enzyme,Endonuclease Mappings, Restriction,Enzyme Analyses, Restriction,Enzyme Mappings, Restriction,Mapping, Restriction,Mapping, Restriction Endonuclease,Mapping, Restriction Enzyme,Mapping, Restriction Site,Mappings, Restriction,Mappings, Restriction Endonuclease,Mappings, Restriction Enzyme,Mappings, Restriction Site,Restriction Endonuclease Mapping,Restriction Endonuclease Mappings,Restriction Enzyme Analyses,Restriction Enzyme Mapping,Restriction Enzyme Mappings,Restriction Mappings,Restriction Site Mapping,Restriction Site Mappings,Site Mappings, Restriction
D015825 Chromosomes, Fungal Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell. Chromosome, Fungal,Fungal Chromosome,Fungal Chromosomes
D016366 Open Reading Frames A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR). ORFs,Protein Coding Region,Small Open Reading Frame,Small Open Reading Frames,sORF,Unassigned Reading Frame,Unassigned Reading Frames,Unidentified Reading Frame,Coding Region, Protein,Frame, Unidentified Reading,ORF,Open Reading Frame,Protein Coding Regions,Reading Frame, Open,Reading Frame, Unassigned,Reading Frame, Unidentified,Region, Protein Coding,Unidentified Reading Frames
D019143 Evolution, Molecular The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations. Molecular Evolution,Genetic Evolution,Evolution, Genetic

Related Publications

P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1997, Nature,
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
September 1994, Science (New York, N.Y.),
P Philippsen, and K Kleine, and R Pöhlmann, and A Düsterhöft, and K Hamberg, and J H Hegemann, and B Obermaier, and L A Urrestarazu, and R Aert, and K Albermann, and R Altmann, and B André, and V Baladron, and J P Ballesta, and A M Bécam, and J Beinhauer, and J Boskovic, and M J Buitrago, and F Bussereau, and F Coster, and M Crouzet, and M D'Angelo, and F Dal Pero, and A De Antoni, and F Del Rey, and F Doignon, and H Domdey, and E Dubois, and T Fiedler, and U Fleig, and M Floeth, and C Fritz, and C Gaillardin, and J M Garcia-Cantalejo, and N N Glansdorff, and A Goffeau, and U Gueldener, and C Herbert, and K Heumann, and D Heuss-Neitzel, and H Hilbert, and K Hinni, and I Iraqui Houssaini, and M Jacquet, and A Jimenez, and J L Jonniaux, and L Karpfinger, and G Lanfranchi, and A Lepingle, and H Levesque, and R Lyck, and M Maftahi, and L Mallet, and K C Maurer, and F Messenguy, and H W Mewes, and D Mösti, and F Nasr, and J M Nicaud, and R K Niedenthal, and D Pandolfo, and A Piérard, and E Piravandi, and R J Planta, and T M Pohl, and B Purnelle, and C Rebischung, and M Remacha, and J L Revuelta, and M Rinke, and J E Saiz, and F Sartorello, and B Scherens, and M Sen-Gupta, and A Soler-Mira, and J H Urbanus, and G Valle, and L Van Dyck, and P Verhasselt, and F Vierendeels, and S Vissers, and M Voet, and G Volckaert, and A Wach, and R Wambutt, and H Wedler, and A Zollner, and J Hani
May 1996, The EMBO journal,
Copied contents to your clipboard!