Pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, TMB) is a component of several solvent mixtures. During recent studies on rats we investigated the effect of a 4-week (6 h/day, 5 days/week) inhalation exposure to TMB at concentrations of 0, 25, 100, or 250 ppm on radial maze performance, open field activity, passive avoidance, active two-way avoidance, and shock-induced changes in the pain sensitivity reflecting the magnitude of the shock-induced fear response (hot plate test). The tests were performed between days 14 and 54 after the last exposure. The radial maze performance was not disturbed in any dose group. During testing in the open field grooming was significantly increased in rats exposed to 100 ppm TMB. In rats exposed to 100 and 250 ppm TNB, a foot shock applied after stepping off an elevated platform (a safe area) resulted in a significantly smaller increase in the step-down latency (i.e., passive avoidance, on days 3 and 7 after the foot shock) than in sham-exposed animals. Learning of a two-way active avoidance was slightly retarded in rats exposed to 250 ppm of TMB. Results of the hot plate test revealed no differences between groups in the paw sensitivity to heat (54.5 degrees C) before a 2-min intermittent food shock, but in rats exposed to 100 and 250 ppm of TMB the foot shock-induced fear response persisted apparently longer. These results suggest that inhalation exposure to TMB may lead to long-lasting disturbances in CNS functions.