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In vitro estimation of red blood cells' aggregation using ultrasound Doppler techniques. 1997

E G Aggelopoulos, and E Karabetsos, and D Koutsouris
Department of Electrical & Computers Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

Aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) is one of the principal hemorheological factors which plays an important role in capillary circulation. In order to study RBC's aggregation, an ultrasound Doppler in vitro technique, using pulsed wave monoelement pencil 4 MHz probes, was designed. A hydraulic pump system has been implemented, using an electric step motor that establishes in a certain distance, a laminar blood flow profile into a rectangular cross-section plexiglass tube. Blood coming from blood collection bags was used and following certain typical measuring protocols, red blood cells' samples of various parameters and conditions were acquired. Adding dextrans to the blood samples, red blood cells aggregation was achieved and observed for various hematocrit values. Both the emitted and the backscattered signals were driven to a system containing a multi-channel digital oscilloscope--of high sampling rate and processing capabilities--and a powerful PC with a high acquisition A/D card and special control software. The estimation of mean aggregates size--by measuring the mean ultrasonic intensity scattered by the blood sample--led us to a qualitative, in vitro ultrasonic method.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003911 Dextrans A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes. Dextran,Dextran 40,Dextran 40000,Dextran 70,Dextran 75,Dextran 80,Dextran B-1355,Dextran B-1355-S,Dextran B1355,Dextran B512,Dextran Derivatives,Dextran M 70,Dextran T 70,Dextran T-40,Dextran T-500,Hemodex,Hyskon,Infukoll,Macrodex,Polyglucin,Promit,Rheodextran,Rheoisodex,Rheomacrodex,Rheopolyglucin,Rondex,Saviosol,Dextran B 1355,Dextran B 1355 S,Dextran T 40,Dextran T 500
D004903 Erythrocyte Aggregation The formation of clumps of RED BLOOD CELLS under low or non-flow conditions, resulting from the attraction forces between the red blood cells. The cells adhere to each other in rouleaux aggregates. Slight mechanical force, such as occurs in the circulation, is enough to disperse these aggregates. Stronger or weaker than normal aggregation may result from a variety of effects in the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE or in BLOOD PLASMA. The degree of aggregation is affected by ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY, erythrocyte membrane sialylation, masking of negative surface charge by plasma proteins, etc. BLOOD VISCOSITY and the ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE are affected by the amount of erythrocyte aggregation and are parameters used to measure the aggregation. Erythrocyte Aggregation, Intravascular,Agglutination, Intravascular,Intravascular Agglutination,Intravascular Erythrocyte Aggregation,Rouleaux Formation, Erythrocyte,Agglutinations, Intravascular,Aggregation, Erythrocyte,Aggregation, Intravascular Erythrocyte,Aggregations, Erythrocyte,Aggregations, Intravascular Erythrocyte,Erythrocyte Aggregations,Erythrocyte Aggregations, Intravascular,Erythrocyte Rouleaux Formation,Erythrocyte Rouleaux Formations,Formation, Erythrocyte Rouleaux,Formations, Erythrocyte Rouleaux,Intravascular Agglutinations,Intravascular Erythrocyte Aggregations,Rouleaux Formations, Erythrocyte
D006400 Hematocrit The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value. Erythrocyte Volume, Packed,Packed Red-Cell Volume,Erythrocyte Volumes, Packed,Hematocrits,Packed Erythrocyte Volume,Packed Erythrocyte Volumes,Packed Red Cell Volume,Packed Red-Cell Volumes,Red-Cell Volume, Packed,Red-Cell Volumes, Packed,Volume, Packed Erythrocyte,Volume, Packed Red-Cell,Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte,Volumes, Packed Red-Cell
D006405 Hematology A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with morphology, physiology, and pathology of the blood and blood-forming tissues.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D018056 Hemorheology The deformation and flow behavior of BLOOD and its elements i.e., PLASMA; ERYTHROCYTES; WHITE BLOOD CELLS; and BLOOD PLATELETS. Hemorrheology
D018608 Ultrasonography, Doppler Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed) Doppler Ultrasonography,Doppler Ultrasound,Doppler Ultrasound Imaging,Doppler Ultrasound Imagings,Doppler Ultrasounds,Imaging, Doppler Ultrasound,Imagings, Doppler Ultrasound,Ultrasound Imaging, Doppler,Ultrasound Imagings, Doppler,Ultrasound, Doppler,Ultrasounds, Doppler

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