Biomaterial Database

Thyrotropin (TSH) beta-subunit gene expression--an example for the complex regulation of pituitary hormone genes. 1997

H J Steinfelder, and F E Wondisford

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Germany. hsteinfe@med.uni-goettingen.de

Synthesis of pituitary hormones was shown to be efficiently regulated at the transcriptional level. The specialized function of the five cell types in the anterior pituitary is controlled by ubiquitous as well as cell-specific transcription factors. Pit-1 is such a cell-specific regulator found only in lacto-, somato- and thyrotropes which could be shown to be essential for basal expression of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) genes and the regulated expression of Prl and thyrotropin (TSH) beta-subunit genes. Identification of distinct binding sites for transcription factors and some of the mechanisms of transcriptional control shed light on the complex regulation of pituitary hormone gene expression which is exemplified for the TSH beta gene. The control of basal as well as positively and negatively regulated expression of some pituitary hormone genes becomes fairly well understood by the investigation of the role of Pit-1. Identification of different mutations in the human pit-1 gene supported the role of this protein for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) characterized by the deficiency of GH, prolactin and TSH.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009154	Mutation	Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.	Mutations
D010907	Pituitary Hormones	Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.	Hormones, Pituitary
D010908	Pituitary Hormones, Anterior	Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include polypeptide, protein, and glycoprotein molecules.	Adenohypophyseal Hormones,Anterior Pituitary Hormones,Hormones, Adenohypophyseal,Hormones, Anterior Pituitary
D004268	DNA-Binding Proteins	Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.	DNA Helix Destabilizing Proteins,DNA-Binding Protein,Single-Stranded DNA Binding Proteins,DNA Binding Protein,DNA Single-Stranded Binding Protein,SS DNA BP,Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein,Binding Protein, DNA,DNA Binding Proteins,DNA Single Stranded Binding Protein,DNA-Binding Protein, Single-Stranded,Protein, DNA-Binding,Single Stranded DNA Binding Protein,Single Stranded DNA Binding Proteins
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013972	Thyrotropin	A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.	Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone,TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone),Thyreotropin,Thyrotrophin,Hormone, Thyroid-Stimulating,Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
D014157	Transcription Factors	Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.	Transcription Factor,Factor, Transcription,Factors, Transcription
D050817	Transcription Factor Pit-1	A POU domain factor that regulates expression of GROWTH HORMONE; PROLACTIN; and THYROTROPIN-BETA in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.	Transcription Factor Pit-2,GHF-1 Transcription Factor,GHF1 Protein,Pit-1 Transcription Factor,Pit-2 Protein,Pit1 Growth Hormone Factor,Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor Pit-1,Transcription Factor GHF-1,GHF 1 Transcription Factor,GHF-1, Transcription Factor,Pit 1 Transcription Factor,Pit 2 Protein,Pit-1, Transcription Factor,Pit-2, Transcription Factor,Pituitary Specific Transcription Factor Pit 1,Transcription Factor GHF 1,Transcription Factor Pit 1,Transcription Factor Pit 2,Transcription Factor, GHF-1,Transcription Factor, Pit-1