Biomaterial Database

Suppression of fibroblast growth factor 2 expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits embryonic chick neural retina cell differentiation and survival in vivo. 1998

L Désiré, and M W Head, and N A Fayein, and Y Courtois, and J C Jeanny

Développement, Vieillissement et Pathologie de la Rétine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Affiliée CNRS, Association Claude Bernard, Paris, France.

During retinal differentiation, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression increases in retinal neurons following the sequential appearance of the neuronal layers. The function of the developmental increase of endogenous FGF2 in the developing chick retina was investigated by using an antisense strategy, using both optic vesicle cultures and in ovo-intravitreal microinjections. The former model allowed us to study the consequences of FGF2 down-regulation on early ganglion cell differentiation, whereas, in the latter model, subsequent development stages and terminal maturation of the retina were studied. FGF2 inhibition resulted in reduced ganglion cell differentiation, as visualized by the expression of the ganglion cell-specific RA4 and Islet-1 markers in optic vesicle cultures. Eyes intravitreally injected with the FGF2-specific antisense oligonucleotide exhibited profound retinal differentiation defects: thinning of the ganglion and outer nuclear (photoreceptors) cell layers and increased cell death in ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. These results indicate that the loss of endogenous FGF2 cannot be compensated for in the retina and suggest that, although many other sources of FGF exist in the eye, the main role of the increase in endogenous FGF2 observed during retinal development is to intrinsically stimulate neuron differentiation and to protect neurons against cell death.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D012160	Retina	The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.	Ora Serrata
D002452	Cell Count	The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.	Cell Density,Cell Number,Cell Counts,Cell Densities,Cell Numbers,Count, Cell,Counts, Cell,Densities, Cell,Density, Cell,Number, Cell,Numbers, Cell
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002455	Cell Division	The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.	M Phase,Cell Division Phase,Cell Divisions,Division Phase, Cell,Division, Cell,Divisions, Cell,M Phases,Phase, Cell Division,Phase, M,Phases, M
D002470	Cell Survival	The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.	Cell Viability,Cell Viabilities,Survival, Cell,Viabilities, Cell,Viability, Cell
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012165	Retinal Ganglion Cells	Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.	Cell, Retinal Ganglion,Cells, Retinal Ganglion,Ganglion Cell, Retinal,Ganglion Cells, Retinal,Retinal Ganglion Cell
D015536	Down-Regulation	A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.	Receptor Down-Regulation,Down-Regulation (Physiology),Downregulation,Down Regulation,Down-Regulation, Receptor