[Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists]. 1997

J Sesin, and J Tamargo
Cátedra de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.

Calcium antagonists (C.A.T.S.) represent a heterogeneous group of pharmacons, being its mechanism of action the inhibition of the flow of entrance of calcium through type L depending-voltage channels of the membranes of the excitable cells. They are very liposoluble molecules which are well absorbed after oral prescription (90-100%); they show an important effect in their first step, they join the serum proteins in a high proportion, present a wide tissue distribution, they are quickly biotransformed in the liver and only a minimum proportion is discharged by urine without any modification. Most of the dihydropiridines are liposoluble showing pka values < 4, so that in a physiologic ph of 7.4, up to 95% of the molecule is found in a nonionized neuter form, passing easily the cell membranes through lipidic and hydrophilic routes and as a consequence their actions will appear and disappear rapidly. Amlodipine is a dihydropiridine with a pharmacologic profile different from other C.A.T.S. Due to its physical and chemical properties which confer basic and hydrosoluble features (pka = 8.6), with a physiologic ph, almost 95% of the pharmacon is found in an ionized condition, passing the biological membranes through the lipophylic routes, showing a high affinity for membrane phospholipids where they interact forming an ionic binding. The pharmacon accumulates at this level and from there it spreads very slowly towards its receptors in the calcium channel; this slow association speed explains why the vasodilator effects of amlodipine appear in a gradual manner reaching their maximum effect after 6-10 hours.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009543 Nifedipine A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. Adalat,BAY-a-1040,Bay-1040,Cordipin,Cordipine,Corinfar,Fenigidin,Korinfar,Nifangin,Nifedipine Monohydrochloride,Nifedipine-GTIS,Procardia,Procardia XL,Vascard,BAY a 1040,BAYa1040,Bay 1040,Bay1040,Monohydrochloride, Nifedipine,Nifedipine GTIS
D002121 Calcium Channel Blockers A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes. Calcium Antagonists, Exogenous,Calcium Blockaders, Exogenous,Calcium Channel Antagonist,Calcium Channel Blocker,Calcium Channel Blocking Drug,Calcium Inhibitors, Exogenous,Channel Blockers, Calcium,Exogenous Calcium Blockader,Exogenous Calcium Inhibitor,Calcium Channel Antagonists,Calcium Channel Blocking Drugs,Exogenous Calcium Antagonists,Exogenous Calcium Blockaders,Exogenous Calcium Inhibitors,Antagonist, Calcium Channel,Antagonists, Calcium Channel,Antagonists, Exogenous Calcium,Blockader, Exogenous Calcium,Blocker, Calcium Channel,Blockers, Calcium Channel,Calcium Blockader, Exogenous,Calcium Inhibitor, Exogenous,Channel Antagonist, Calcium,Channel Blocker, Calcium,Inhibitor, Exogenous Calcium
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D017311 Amlodipine A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. Amlodipine Besylate,Amlodipine Maleate,Amlodipine Maleate (1:1),Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer,Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1),Amlodipine, (R)-Isomer,Amlodipine, (S)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1),Amlodis,Amlor,Astudal,Istin,Norvasc

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