Determination of the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 15-O-acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol in contaminated whole wheat flour by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. 1998

F Walker, and B Meier
University of Hohenheim, Institute of Phytomedicine, Stuttgart, Germany.

A rapid and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous detection of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-A-DON), and 15-O-acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol (15-A-DON) in wheat flour. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16), and the extract was filtered and purified by a column containing a combination of charcoal, celite, and other adsorbents. For screening analysis, the column eluate was only extracted with ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the solvent, the dried residue was redissolved in acetonitrile-water (2 + 8) and then analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detection. Recoveries of NIV, DON, 3-A-DON, and 15-A-DON from whole wheat flour spiked at 2 levels were 49-55, 92-97, 98-100, and 100-105%, respectively. To quantitate mycotoxin amounts lower than 1 ppm, purified column extracts were evaporated to dryness, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Average recoveries of NIV, DON, 3-A-DON, and 15-A-DON from whole wheat flour spiked at 2 levels, were 45-52, 91-103, 81-85, and 84-92%, respectively. GC-ECD detection limits for all mycotoxins tested at a signal-to-noise ratio of 4:1 were < 30 ng/g. Results of GC-ECD analysis for whole wheat flour samples spiked with mycotoxins at 3 and 10 ppm compared well with results (2.8 and 9.9 ppm) for the same samples analyzed by LC.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007202 Indicators and Reagents Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D009183 Mycotoxins Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI. Fungal Toxins,Mycotoxin,Toxins, Fungal
D002849 Chromatography, Gas Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix. Chromatography, Gas-Liquid,Gas Chromatography,Chromatographies, Gas,Chromatographies, Gas-Liquid,Chromatography, Gas Liquid,Gas Chromatographies,Gas-Liquid Chromatographies,Gas-Liquid Chromatography
D002853 Chromatography, Liquid Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid. Liquid Chromatography
D005433 Flour A powdery meal obtained from ground up starchy foodstuff, such as seeds of WHEAT; RICE and other EDIBLE GRAIN; LEGUMES; and NUTS; or ground up PLANT TUBERS. Almond Flour,Almond Meal,Corn Flour,Corn Meal,Grain Flour,Grain Meal,Nut Flour,Potato Flour,Rice Flour,Rice Meal,Soybean Flour,Soybean Meal,Wheat Flour,Wheat Meal,Semolina Flour,Almond Flours,Almond Meals,Corn Flours,Corn Meals,Flour, Almond,Flour, Corn,Flour, Grain,Flour, Nut,Flour, Potato,Flour, Rice,Flour, Semolina,Flour, Soybean,Flour, Wheat,Flours,Flours, Almond,Flours, Corn,Flours, Grain,Flours, Nut,Flours, Potato,Flours, Rice,Flours, Semolina,Flours, Soybean,Flours, Wheat,Grain Flours,Grain Meals,Meal, Almond,Meal, Corn,Meal, Grain,Meal, Rice,Meal, Soybean,Meal, Wheat,Meals, Almond,Meals, Corn,Meals, Grain,Meals, Rice,Meals, Soybean,Meals, Wheat,Nut Flours,Potato Flours,Rice Flours,Rice Meals,Semolina Flours,Soybean Flours,Soybean Meals,Wheat Flours,Wheat Meals
D005670 Fusarium A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. Fusariums
D013056 Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
D014255 Trichothecenes Usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition. Epoxytrichothecenes,Trichothecene Epoxides,Epoxides, Trichothecene
D014908 Triticum A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS. Wheat,Durum Wheat,Triticum aestivum,Triticum durum,Triticum spelta,Triticum turgidum,Triticum turgidum subsp. durum,Triticum vulgare,Durum Wheats,Wheat, Durum

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