Consequences of violating the assumption of independence in the process dissociation procedure: a word fragment completion study. 1998

R Russo, and A M Cullis, and A J Parkin
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, England. rrusso@essex.ac.uk

In three experiments that used levels of processing and study time manipulations as independent variables in a word fragment completion task, the validity of the assumption of independence between recollection and automatic influences of memory was assessed. This assumption underlies the use of the process dissociation procedure (Jacoby, 1991), a tool suggested for distinguishing the different contributions of recollection and automatic influences of memory. Overall, it appeared that semantic processing, as compared with physical processing at study, positively affected recollection but negatively affected automatic influences of memory in word fragment completion. This negative effect on the automatic influences was reduced when the available study time decreased. The incompatibility of these results with the assumption of independence between recollection and automatic influences of memory and their impact on the applicability of the process dissociation procedure are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008568 Memory Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.
D011939 Mental Recall The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited. Recall, Mental
D003243 Consciousness Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. Consciousnesses
D003463 Cues Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond. Cue
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000704 Analysis of Variance A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D012660 Semantics The relationships between symbols and their meanings. Semantic
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014836 Volition Voluntary activity without external compulsion. Will

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