Biomaterial Database

Characterization of the putative chloride channel xClC-5 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and comparison with endogenous chloride currents. 1998

S Schmieder, and S Lindenthal, and U Banderali, and J Ehrenfeld

Laboratoire Jean Maetz, CEA, ERS 1253/CNRS, Universite de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, BP 68, 06238 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

1. We recently cloned a putative chloride channel (xClC-5) from the renal cell line A6, which induced the appearance of a Cl- conductance not found in control oocytes after homologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. With the aim of increasing the Xenopus oocyte xClC-5 expression, we constructed a new plasmid in which the native 5' and 3' non-coding regions of xClC-5 were replaced by the non-coding regions of the Xenopus beta-globin sequence and in which a Kozak consensus site was introduced before the initiator ATG. 2. We then compared the induced currents Inative (induced by injection of cRNA presenting the native non-coding regions of xClC-5) and Ibeta-globin (induced by injection of cRNA presenting the non-coding regions of the Xenopus beta-globin sequence) investigating anion selectivity and anion blocker sensitivity. Several differences were found: (1) expression yield and oocyte surviving rate were largely increased by injecting (beta) xClC-5 cRNA, (2) the Ibeta-globin outward rectification score was 2.6 times that of Inative, (3) the anion conductivity sequence was nitrate > bromide > chloride > iodide >> gluconate for Ibeta-globin and iodide > bromide > nitrate > chloride >> gluconate for Inative, (4) 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB), anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC), DIDS, lanthanum ions, cAMP and ionomycin-induced [Ca2+]i increase inhibited Inative but had no effect on Ibeta-globin, and (5) Inative showed considerable similarity to the previously reported endogenous current appearing after ClC-6 or pICln cRNA injection. 3. Comparison of Inative with the endogenous chloride current ICl,swell which develops under hyposmotic conditions demonstrated several similarities in their electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics but were nevertheless distinguishable. 4. In vitro translation assays demonstrated that protein synthesis was much greater using the (beta) xClC-5 construct than that of xClC-5. Furthermore, immunoreactivity of membrane preparations of Xenopus oocytes was only observed with the (beta) xClC-5 construct, its intensity being positively correlated with Ibeta-globin levels. 5. In addition, the current induced in (beta) xClC-5 cRNA-injected oocytes presented a very marked pH dependence (inhibition by acid external media) with a pKa value (negative log of the acid dissociation constant) of 5.67. 6. In conclusion, Ibeta-globin may be due to the presence of xClC-5 in the oocyte plasma membrane playing a role as an anion channel whereas Inative may represent an endogenous current induced by xClC-5 cRNA injection. The use of antibodies will facilitate the tissue and subcellular localization of xClC-5 and the identification of its physiological role.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008564	Membrane Potentials	The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).	Resting Potentials,Transmembrane Potentials,Delta Psi,Resting Membrane Potential,Transmembrane Electrical Potential Difference,Transmembrane Potential Difference,Difference, Transmembrane Potential,Differences, Transmembrane Potential,Membrane Potential,Membrane Potential, Resting,Membrane Potentials, Resting,Potential Difference, Transmembrane,Potential Differences, Transmembrane,Potential, Membrane,Potential, Resting,Potential, Transmembrane,Potentials, Membrane,Potentials, Resting,Potentials, Transmembrane,Resting Membrane Potentials,Resting Potential,Transmembrane Potential,Transmembrane Potential Differences
D009865	Oocytes	Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).	Ovocytes,Oocyte,Ovocyte
D010957	Plasmids	Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.	Episomes,Episome,Plasmid
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D003001	Cloning, Molecular	The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.	Molecular Cloning
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004594	Electrophysiology	The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
D005914	Globins	A superfamily of proteins containing the globin fold which is composed of 6-8 alpha helices arranged in a characterstic HEME enclosing structure.	Globin
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia