Biomaterial Database

Skin appendageal macropores as a possible pathway for electrical current. 1998

Y A Chizmadzhev, and P I Kuzmin, and J C Weaver, and R O Potts

Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.

The electrical properties of the outermost layer of skin are described by lipid-corneocyte (Zm) and appendageal (Za) impedance, which are connected in parallel. Appendageal macropores are considered as long tubes with distributed electrical parameters. It has been shown that not only Za, but also the macropore resistance Ra and capacitance Ca are frequency dependent. The input of Za in the overall impedance (Z) depends on the space density of active (conductive) macropores n(i), which increase with current density (i) and the duration of iontophoresis. Skin impedance has been demonstrated to decrease under the influence of iontophoretic treatment. Application of the theoretical model to these data provides an estimate of the increase in macropore density during iontophoresis. A comparison of these results with n(i), which was measured directly, shows a strong correlation supporting this unique model.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007478	Iontophoresis	Therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current. In medical literature it is commonly used to indicate the process of increasing the penetration of drugs into surface tissues by the application of electric current. It has nothing to do with ION EXCHANGE; AIR IONIZATION nor PHONOPHORESIS, none of which requires current.	Iontophoreses
D008812	Mice, Hairless	Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.	Hairless Mice,Mice, Inbred HRS,Mice, hr,Hairless Mouse,Mice, HRS,Mouse, HRS,Mouse, Inbred HRS,HRS Mice,HRS Mice, Inbred,HRS Mouse,HRS Mouse, Inbred,Inbred HRS Mice,Inbred HRS Mouse,Mouse, Hairless
D008954	Models, Biological	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D004553	Electric Conductivity	The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.	Electrical Conductivity,Conductivity, Electric,Conductivity, Electrical
D005295	Ferrocyanides	Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D012879	Skin Physiological Phenomena	The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.	Skin Physiological Processes,Skin Physiology,Physiology, Skin,Skin Physiological Concepts,Skin Physiological Phenomenon,Skin Physiological Process,Concept, Skin Physiological,Concepts, Skin Physiological,Phenomena, Skin Physiological,Phenomenas, Skin Physiological,Phenomenon, Skin Physiological,Phenomenons, Skin Physiological,Physiological Concept, Skin,Physiological Concepts, Skin,Physiological Phenomena, Skin,Physiological Phenomenas, Skin,Physiological Phenomenon, Skin,Physiological Phenomenons, Skin,Process, Skin Physiological,Processes, Skin Physiological,Skin Physiological Concept,Skin Physiological Phenomenas,Skin Physiological Phenomenons
D013545	Sweat Glands	Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the DERMIS. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct.	Gland, Sweat,Glands, Sweat,Sweat Gland
D017097	Electric Impedance	The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.	Bioelectrical Impedance,Electric Resistance,Impedance,Ohmic Resistance,Biolectric Impedance,Electrical Impedance,Electrical Resistance,Impedance, Bioelectrical,Impedance, Biolectric,Impedance, Electric,Impedance, Electrical,Ohmic Resistances,Resistance, Electric,Resistance, Electrical,Resistance, Ohmic,Resistances, Ohmic