Biomaterial Database

Studies on the mechanism of metabolic stimulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during phagocytosis. Activators and inhibitors of the granule bound NADPH oxidase. 1976

P Patriarca, and P Dri, and K Kakinuma, and F Rossi

The effects of several known inhibitors and activators of peroxidase-catalyzed reactions have been studied on the NADPH oxidase activity of granules isolated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes at rest or during phagocytosis. Redogenic substances, such as ascorbate or hydroquinone, and superoxide dismutase, which are known to inhibit peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, also inhibited the NADPH oxidase activity of granules. Oxidogenic substances, such as guaiacol or resorcinol, and manganese, which are known to stimulate peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, also activated the NADPH oxidase activity of granules. Cyanide, an inhibitor of peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, inhibited the NADPH oxidase activity of granules isolated from resting leukocytes but only slightly affected that of granules isolated from phagocytosing cells, as previously reported. A list of the properties of the NADPH oxidase activity of granules and of peroxidase oxidase activity is given. The arguments in favor of and those against a possible identity of the two activities are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008345	Manganese	A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
D009247	NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases	A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.	Oxidoreductases, NADH, NADPH,NADPH Oxidoreductases NADH,Oxidoreductases NADH, NADPH
D009504	Neutrophils	Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.	LE Cells,Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,Neutrophil Band Cells,Band Cell, Neutrophil,Cell, LE,LE Cell,Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear,Neutrophil,Neutrophil Band Cell,Neutrophil, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
D010587	Phagocytosis	The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).	Phagocytoses
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D012118	Resorcinols	A water-soluble crystalline benzene-1,3-diol (resorcinol) and its derivatives.	m-Dihydroxybenzenes,meta-Dihydroxybenzenes,m Dihydroxybenzenes,meta Dihydroxybenzenes
D003486	Cyanides	Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.	Cyanide,Isocyanide,Isocyanides
D003594	Cytoplasmic Granules	Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.	Cytoplasmic Granule,Granule, Cytoplasmic,Granules, Cytoplasmic
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations