Biomaterial Database

Protein tyrosine phosphatases: mechanisms of catalysis and regulation. 1998

J M Denu, and J E Dixon

Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Portland 97201-3098, USA. denuj@ohsu.edu

Recent structural information suggests that the HC(X)5R active-site motif defines three distinct evolutionary families of phosphatases that employ a common catalytic mechanism. In two instances, regulation of phosphatase activity employs autoinhibitory mechanisms involving either intermolecular or intramolecular interactions, whereby inhibition is mediated by sterically blocking the active-site cleft.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010749	Phosphoprotein Phosphatases	A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)	Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Phosphoprotein Phosphohydrolase,Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatases,Casein Phosphatase,Ecto-Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Nuclear Protein Phosphatase,Phosphohistone Phosphatase,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase-2C,Phosphoseryl-Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatase C,Protein Phosphatase C-I,Protein Phosphatase C-II,Protein Phosphatase H-II,Protein-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase,Protein-Threonine Phosphatase,Serine-Threonine Phosphatase,Threonine Phosphatase,Ecto Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Phosphatase C, Protein,Phosphatase C-I, Protein,Phosphatase C-II, Protein,Phosphatase H-II, Protein,Phosphatase, Casein,Phosphatase, Ecto-Phosphoprotein,Phosphatase, Nuclear Protein,Phosphatase, Phosphohistone,Phosphatase, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatase, Phosphoseryl-Protein,Phosphatase, Protein,Phosphatase, Protein-Serine-Threonine,Phosphatase, Protein-Threonine,Phosphatase, Serine-Threonine,Phosphatase, Threonine,Phosphatase-2C, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Protein,Phosphohydrolase, Phosphoprotein,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2C,Phosphoseryl Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatase C I,Protein Phosphatase C II,Protein Phosphatase H II,Protein Phosphatase, Nuclear,Protein Serine Threonine Phosphatase,Protein Threonine Phosphatase,Serine Threonine Phosphatase
D011956	Receptors, Cell Surface	Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.	Cell Surface Receptor,Cell Surface Receptors,Hormone Receptors, Cell Surface,Receptors, Endogenous Substances,Cell Surface Hormone Receptors,Endogenous Substances Receptors,Receptor, Cell Surface,Surface Receptor, Cell
D005075	Biological Evolution	The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.	Evolution, Biological
D001665	Binding Sites	The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.	Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D013884	Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase	An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. EC 2.8.1.1.	Rhodanese,Thiosulfate Cyanide Transsulphurase,Thiosulfate Sulphurtransferase,Cyanide Transsulphurase, Thiosulfate,Sulfurtransferase, Thiosulfate,Sulphurtransferase, Thiosulfate,Transsulphurase, Thiosulfate Cyanide
D017027	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases	An enzyme group that specifically dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl residues in selected proteins. Together with PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE, it regulates tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cellular signal transduction and may play a role in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.	Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase,Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,PTPase,Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosine,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl Protein,Phosphatase, Protein-Tyrosine,Phosphatase, Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Protein Tyrosine,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase, Tyrosyl,Protein Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,Tyrosine Phosphatases, Protein
D047908	Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins	Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.	Intracellular Signaling Peptides,Intracellular Signaling Proteins,Peptides, Intracellular Signaling,Proteins, Intracellular Signaling,Signaling Peptides, Intracellular,Signaling Proteins, Intracellular
D053824	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6	A Src-homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase found in the CYTOSOL of hematopoietic cells. It plays a role in signal transduction by dephosphorylating signaling proteins that are activated or inactivated by PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES.	Haematopoietic Cell Phosphatase,Hematopoietic Cell Phosphatase,Hematopoietic Cell-Specific Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1C,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Nonreceptor Type 6,SHP-1 Phosphatase,SHP-1 Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase,SHP-1 Tyrosine Phosphatase,SHP1 Phosphatase,SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,Hematopoietic Cell Specific Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP 1,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non Receptor Type 6,Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase, SHP-1,SHP 1 Phosphatase,SHP 1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,SHP 1 Tyrosine Phosphatase,Tyrosine Phosphatase, SHP-1
D054592	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11	A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain two SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Mutations in the gene for protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 are associated with NOONAN SYNDROME.	Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase Syp,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP3,Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase 2C,SHP-2 Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase,SHP2 Phosphatase,SHPTP2,Shp-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase,Phosphatase, SHP2,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2C,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non Receptor Type 11,Shp 2 Tyrosine Phosphatase,Tyrosine Phosphatase, Shp-2
D054593	SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases	A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 type SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many of the proteins in this class are recruited to specific cellular targets such as a cell surface receptor complexes via their SH2 domain.	SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,SH2 Domain-Containing Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatases,Src Homology-2 (SH2) Domain-Containing Phosphatase,Src Homology-2 (SH2) Domain-Containing Phosphatases,Domain-Containing Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatases, SH2,Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatases, SH2 Domain-Containing,SH2 Domain Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,SH2 Domain Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases