Two experiments carried out with one hundred rats from the Osborne-Mendel-strain were supposed to prove the influence of selenium-containing-drinking-water on caries. The animals were divided into five experimental groups of twenty rats each. Selenium was tested in different doses as an addition to drinking-water in shape of Na2SeO4, as well as in combination with a tooth-paste containing NaF.-Its toxicity was to be determined by the water consumption, the mortality and above all by the body weight of the animals at the end of the test. During the first experiment three groups received Na2SeO4 in doses of 1, 5 and 10 ppm in the drinking water and the cariogenic diet Stephan 580 as food. Two other groups served as control, one receiving the cariogenic diet Stephan 580 and the other one getting the normal breeding diet. The analysis of variance carried out for the assessment of caries and the test of SCHEFFE only show a different attack concerning those groups, receiving the cariogenic diet and the control group fed with the breeding diet Altromin R. Nine of the 40 animals of the groups that had received the selenium doses of 5 and 10 ppm did not survive the experiment. The average value of the water consumption and the body weight of the animals of the selenium group was below the average of the remaining groups, which points out a strong toxicity of Na2SeO4. In regard to the water consumptions, however, one cannot exactly define, whether it is an effect of the selenium of the cariogenic diet. All groups of the second experiment received the cariogenic diet Stephan 580; two of them got Na2SeO4 in doses of 4ppm within their drinking water. The molars of the lower jaws of one of these group were brushed with a tooth-paste containing NaF. The molars of the other group were treated with a paste, serving as a placebo. Two other groups were provided each with the paste containing fluorine and the paste serving as a placebo, but without selenium in their drinking water. Furthermore 20 animals were used as a control group. The analysis of variance showed the widely known protective effect of the fluorine by the statistically significant different distribution of the caries. Comparing those two groups, whose drinking water contained Na2SeO4 with the two other groups whose molars were treated with the paste containing fluorine and the one serving as a placebo respectively, we may conclude, that Na2SeO4 has no influence on the protective effect of the fluorine. A comparison of the group treated with the paste serving as a placebo with the control group shows, that the tooth-brushing obviously has no great effect. In respect to the body weight at the end of the experiment one cannot demonstrate a clear effect using the linear contrast of SCHEFFE, and there also is no infleunce of selenium on the total water consumption, which coincides with the results of the first experiment. The two experiments have shown that Na2SeO4 is toxic in the doses applied...