Biomaterial Database

The Na⁺/L-proline transporter PutP. 2012

Heinrich Jung, and Daniel Hilger, and Michael Raba

LMU Munich, Biocentre, Microbiology, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, Martinsried, D-82152, Germany. hjung@lmu.de

The Na⁺/L-proline transporter PutP is a member of the Na⁺/solute symporter family (TC 2A.21, SLC5), which contains several hundred proteins of pro- and eukaryotic origin. Within the family, the capability of L-proline uptake is restricted to proteins of prokaryotes. PutP contributes to the use of L-proline as a nutrient. In addition, the transporter may supply cells with compatible solute during adaptation to osmotic stress. Based on these and other functions, PutP is of significance for various bacteria-host interactions including the virulence of human pathogens. A homology model of Escherichia coli PutP was generated based on the crystal structure of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Na+/galactose symporter. According to the model, PutP has a core structure of five plus five transmembrane domains forming an inverted repeat similar as originally revealed by the crystal structure of the Na+/leucine transporter LeuT. The homology model is experimentally verified by Cys cross-linking and site-directed spin labeling in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The putative sites of Na⁺ and L-proline binding are described, and a putative transport mechanism is discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008958	Models, Molecular	Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.	Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D011392	Proline	A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.	L-Proline,L Proline
D011487	Protein Conformation	The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).	Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D001426	Bacterial Proteins	Proteins found in any species of bacterium.	Bacterial Gene Products,Bacterial Gene Proteins,Gene Products, Bacterial,Bacterial Gene Product,Bacterial Gene Protein,Bacterial Protein,Gene Product, Bacterial,Gene Protein, Bacterial,Gene Proteins, Bacterial,Protein, Bacterial,Proteins, Bacterial
D001665	Binding Sites	The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.	Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining
D012964	Sodium	A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.	Sodium Ion Level,Sodium-23,Ion Level, Sodium,Level, Sodium Ion,Sodium 23
D054884	Host-Pathogen Interactions	The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.	Host Pathogen Interaction,Host-Pathogen Relations,Pathogen-Host Interaction,Pathogen-Host Interactions,Host Pathogen Interactions,Host Pathogen Relations,Host-Pathogen Interaction,Host-Pathogen Relation,Interaction, Host Pathogen,Interaction, Host-Pathogen,Interaction, Pathogen-Host,Interactions, Host Pathogen,Interactions, Host-Pathogen,Interactions, Pathogen-Host,Pathogen Host Interaction,Pathogen Host Interactions,Pathogen Interaction, Host,Pathogen Interactions, Host,Relation, Host-Pathogen,Relations, Host-Pathogen
D026921	Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral	Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).	Neutral Amino Acid Transport Systems,Neutral Amino Acid Transporters,Zwitterionic Amino Acid Transport Systems,Na+-Independent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter,Neutral Amino Acid Transport Proteins,Sodium Dependent Neutral Amino Acid Transport Proteins,Sodium Dependent Neutral Amino Acid Transporters,Sodium Independent Neutral Amino Acid Transport Proteins,Sodium Independent Neutral Amino Acid Transporters,Zwitterionic Amino Acid Transport Proteins,Zwitterionic Amino Acid Transporters,Na+ Independent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter