Biomaterial Database

Therapeutic implications of inhibition versus killing of Mycobacterium avium complex by antimicrobial agents. 1987

D M Yajko, and P S Nassos, and W K Hadley

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection have responded poorly to treatment with rifabutine (Ansamycin) and clofazimine, in spite of the good in vitro response of M. avium to these antimicrobial agents. We compared the ability of these and other antimicrobial agents to kill versus the ability to inhibit the growth of strains of the M. avium complex isolated from patients with AIDS. Killing curve experiments showed that the concentrations of rifabutine and clofazimine needed to kill two log units of M. avium are at least 32 times greater than the concentrations needed to inhibit growth. Little or no killing occurred at concentrations of these antimicrobial agents that are achievable in serum. In contrast, five of seven strains tested were killed by ciprofloxacin at concentrations that can be achieved in serum. Ciprofloxacin should be studied further for possible use in the treatment of M. avium infections.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009162	Mycobacterium avium	A bacterium causing tuberculosis in domestic fowl and other birds. In pigs, it may cause localized and sometimes disseminated disease. The organism occurs occasionally in sheep and cattle. It should be distinguished from the M. avium complex, which infects primarily humans.
D002939	Ciprofloxacin	A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.	Bay-09867,Ciprinol,Cipro,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Anhydrous,Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride Monohydrate,Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Bay 09867,Bay09867,Hydrochloride Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin,Hydrochloride, Ciprofloxacin,Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride,Monohydrochloride Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin
D002991	Clofazimine	A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)	B-663,G-30,320,Lamprene,N,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dihydro-3-((1-methylethyl)imino)-2-phenazinamine,B 663,B663,G 30,320,G30,320
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000163	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	AIDS,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency
D012294	Rifamycins	A group of ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS characterized by a chromophoric naphthohydroquinone group spanned by an aliphatic bridge not previously found in other known ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS. They have been isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces mediterranei.	Rifamycin,Rifomycin,Rifomycins
D014376	Tuberculosis	Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	Koch's Disease,Kochs Disease,Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection,Infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Koch Disease,Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections,Tuberculoses
D017828	Rifabutin	A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.	Alfacid,Ansamycin,Ansatipin,Ansatipine,LM-427,Mycobutin,Rifabutine,LM 427,LM427