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Differences among epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. 2023
Shinya Yamamoto, and
Seiya Yamayoshi, and
Mutsumi Ito, and
Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, and
Ichiro Nakachi, and
Rie Baba, and
Shigenobu Kamimoto, and
Takayuki Ogura, and
Shigehiro Hagiwara, and
Hideaki Kato, and
Hideaki Nakajima, and
Yoshifumi Uwamino, and
Kazuma Yagi, and
Norio Sugaya, and
Hiroyuki Nagai, and
Makoto Saito, and
Eisuke Adachi, and
Michiko Koga, and
Takeya Tsutsumi, and
Calvin Duong, and
Moe Okuda, and
Jurika Murakami, and
Yuri Furusawa, and
Michiko Ujie, and
Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, and
Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, and
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes.
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