Biomaterial Database

Effect of calcium and antacids on phenytoin bioavailability. 1979

D J Chapron, and P A Kramer, and S L Mariano, and D C Hohnadel

The effects of bihourly administration of gluconate calcium and tow magnesium-aluminum-containing acids on the bioavailability of a single capsule dose of phenytoin sodium were determined in two normal volunteers. Neither the rate nor the extent of phenytoin absorption were altered by the treatments, in spite of indirect evidence from other studies that might suggest such an interaction. No interaction between calcium or magnesium and either unionized or anionic phenytoin could be demonstrated in vitro using solubility and spectral techniques.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D008274	Magnesium	A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D008297	Male		Males
D010672	Phenytoin	An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.	Diphenylhydantoin,Fenitoin,Phenhydan,5,5-Diphenylhydantoin,5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione,Antisacer,Difenin,Dihydan,Dilantin,Epamin,Epanutin,Hydantol,Phenytoin Sodium,Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate,Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002125	Calcium Gluconate	The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.	CBG,Calciofon,Calcipot,Calcium Braun,Calcivitol,Calglucon,Ebucin,Flopak Plain,Glucal,Glucobiogen,Gluconate de Calcium Lavoisier,Gluconato Calc Fresenius,Gluconate, Calcium
D004347	Drug Interactions	The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.	Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000536	Aluminum Hydroxide	A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.	Hydrated Alumina,Aldrox,Algeldrate,Alhydrogel,Alugel,Amphojel,Basalgel,Brasivil,Dialume,Nephrox,Pepsamer,Rocgel,Alumina, Hydrated,Hydroxide, Aluminum
D000863	Antacids	Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	Alkalinizing Agent,Antacid,Alkalinizing Agents,Agent, Alkalinizing,Agents, Alkalinizing