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Twenty samples of commercial vaccines intended for administration to humans were assayed for the presence of bacterial endotoxins by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Sixteen of the vaccines contained more than 0.1 ng of endotoxin per ml (which corresponds to 103 bacterial cell wall equivalents per ml in the undiluted vaccines). These results suggest that at some stage of preparation, the vaccines have contained varying amounts of gram-negative bacteria and may indicate the presence of other bacterial products as well. It might be useful to list the level of endotoxins, phage, and other contaminants on each vaccine lot to facilitate studies on any side effects of these contaminants. Selection of vaccine lots with the least endotoxin might reduce some of the adverse effects of vaccinations.
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
December 1981,
Veterinary research communications,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
January 1973,
Immunological communications,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
January 1986,
Developments in biological standardization,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
February 2021,
Vaccines,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
September 2018,
Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
August 2006,
Vaccine,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
January 1952,
L' Arcispedale S. Anna di Ferrara,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
October 2009,
IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
January 2000,
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne,
M R Geier, and
H Stanbro, and
C R Merril
January 1988,
Avian diseases,
