A proteinous fraction that produces endothelin-1 (ET-1) from big ET-1 in guinea-pig lung cytosol is described. An active protein has been successfully purified to homogeneity by combinations of sequential column chromatographies. The purified enzyme was a metalloenzyme based upon its sensitivity to chelating agent, and a molecular mass of the enzyme was 38 kDa estimated by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. Further investigations revealed that the enzyme activity was abolished by sulfhydryl modifier such as N-ethylmaleimide, but inhibited neither by phosphoramidon, by thiorphan nor by captopril. The enzyme actually produced ET-1 with the Km value of 14.5 microM for big ET-1. These results indicate that this enzyme seems to be a novel metalloprotease that converts big ET-1 to ET-1.