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Protection against cyanide poisoning by the co-administration of sodium nitrite and hydroxylamine in rats. 1993

R Bhattacharya, and K Jeevaratnam, and S K Raza, and S Das Gupta
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

1. The protectiveness of combined treatment with sodium nitrite (SN) and hydroxylamine (HA) in cyanide intoxication was investigated in male rats. 2. Pretreatment with equimolar dose of SN or HA produced a significant protection against cyanide poisoning as shown by the protection index (LD50 of cyanide in protected rats/LD50 of cyanide in saline-treated rats). 3. The co-administration of SN and HA as a split dose produced an optimal and sustained methaemoglobinaemia. 4. Pretreatment with combined SN and HA administration at different time intervals offered sustained protection against cyanide and resultant cytochrome oxidase inhibition. 5. Adjunction of sodium thiosulphate (STS) in the SN+HA regimen further augmented the protection against cyanide poisoning. 6. The results suggest that pretreatment with SN+HA co-administration could significantly reduce the toxic manifestation of cyanide.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008706 Methemoglobin Ferrihemoglobin
D011041 Poisoning A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent. Poisonings
D011190 Potassium Cyanide A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes. Potassium Cyanide (K(14)CN),Potassium Cyanide (K(C(15)N)),Cyanide, Potassium
D004359 Drug Therapy, Combination Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect. Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006898 Hydroxylamines Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000931 Antidotes Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS. Antidote,Theriacs
D012977 Sodium Nitrite Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines. Nitrite, Sodium

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